Housing Policies By Max Page And Ellen Pader - 1422 Words

Housing codes in this country shape the way we live. They tell us everything from what is considered to be a bedroom, to how many people can live in one dwelling. Max Page and Ellen Pader looked at two different examples of the way the US’s housing policies have had a major impact on our society. Page examined the tearing down of the slums in New York City. The government claimed that the buildings were old and unsafe, and thus needed to be demolished. Pader looked at eviction of ethnic groups, particularly Latinos, from their homes in Chicago. The rational for the evictions was that there were too many people occupying one space. This was unhealthy, and thus whole families lost their homes. In both instances, the government in mandating†¦show more content†¦In other cultures, such as Latin America, the norms of spatial arrangement are much different. People routinely sleep in kitchens, hallways and whole families share houses. However these policies were attempting t o Americanize the immigrants, and rid them of their heritage. The codes also put a burden on the lower class citizens. By defining what a bedroom was, and how many people can sleep there, the government was telling people what size properties they needed to buy for their families. For the immigrants, who generally lived all together as a family, it meant that they were less able to afford good housing. (Pader 883) Families were routinely shunted to the streets for violations of the codes. However the government saw these steps as necessary. They were attempting to infuse American values and norms onto the immigrants. Two people per room is deemed reasonable and justifiable in our culture. It is engrained in our brains that this is just the way things are. However this spatial arrangement was derived from the lives of upper class Englishmen. (Pader 888) They came about when the immigrants who originally colonized this country, set the norms of the society. When new immigrants came ov er who were seen as inferior, those living here attempted Americanize them in their image. In the hopes to change their mentality and previous perception of norms. The other main code imposed on the people in Chicago was a people per space ratio. In America, we value

Qualities, Characters And Characteristics Of The Epic Of...

The Old English poem â€Å"Beowulf† explains the heroic deeds, characteristics, and life struggles of a superhuman warrior. He presents his heroic deeds by defeating many creatures such as sea monsters and dragons. For example, if a creature is lurking in the shadows of the Geats’ kingdom, Beowulf will find a way to destroy the beast. However, he would also kill a creature within another kingdom. The poem characterized Beowulf as bold, caring, and confident. He stated, â€Å"†¦ no weapons, therefore, for either this night: unarmed he shall face me if face me he dares. And the Divine Lord in His wisdom grants the glory of victory to whichever side He sees fit (Beowulf 683-687).† Beowulf wanted to take on the demon with hand-to-hand combat to prove†¦show more content†¦Although he lost the race against Breca, Beowulf did not fail because he fought the sea beasts to survive (548-564). â€Å"Beowulf† has also influenced modern-day music; however, it allows an individual to express his or her emotion in the lyrics. Music artists, Imagine Dragons made the song â€Å"Warriors†. The song describes warriors winning against the enemy. An individual could assume that the warriors are innocent victims and the enemy is a bully. The lyrics explain how the enemy is a coward toward the brave victims, yet the enemy was an obstacle of their past (Warriors 5-13). Many modern-day authors base their literature works from â€Å"Beowulf†. An author, such as Fred Saberhagen, would replicate Beowulf’s bold and wise characteristics and give them to another character. The character’s personality is similar to Beowulf, but he or she possesse s a magic quality. For instance, Hercules is a character with superhuman strength that is similar to Beowulf. Hercules’ possesses a magical ability to survive space and non-resistant to diseases. Today, some television shows would use the same ideas from â€Å"Beowulf†, or make relatable works. â€Å"Beowulf† inspired television shows such as Beowulf: Return to the Shieldlands and Beowulf (2007) in many ways. Both shows serve as entertainment and a purpose to the audience. Beowulf: Return to the Shieldlands entertains the audience with fighting scenes and Anglo-SaxonShow MoreRelatedBeowulf : An Epic Hero978 Words   |  4 Pages Beowulf is a character that exudes the qualities of an epic hero. Throughout this epic, Beowulf is seen as a hero to many and a major threat to the evils he encounters. The values of the Anglo-Saxons, who would have read and admired this poem, included loyalty, bravery, and honor. Beowulf’s character exemplifies all of these qualities to the highest degree. The values and traditions of the original composers of this story cause Beowulf’s character to be the perfect example of an Anglo-SaxonRead MoreCulture And Values : The Epic Of Beowulf And Beowulf1260 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyzation of the Beowulf Epic and the Beowulf and Grendel Film The epic tale of Beowulf was written sometime after his death. In other words, a long time ago during the Anglo-Saxon period. Today, directors in Hollywood did not keep from creating their own rendition of this epic poem As a result, plenty of modern interpretations of Beowulf, such as Sturla Gunnarsson’s Beowulf and Grendel, have been released. Naturally, the cultural values that might be reflected in modern Beowulf renditions willRead MoreBeowulf s Heroic Qualities That Convey His Nobility And Courage887 Words   |  4 Pages Beowulf exemplifies heroic qualities that convey his nobility and courage. 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These are all outstanding examples of Anglo-Saxon epic heroes because they all cameRead More Beowulf: Christian Vs Pagan Influence Essay1652 Words   |  7 Pages The European epic, Beowulf, was written sometime in the eighth century in England. This time period provides us with an idea for the mixture of Christian and pagan elements because of an English society that was in the process of converting from Paganism to Christianity. Examples of Pagan and Christian traditions are presented all throughout literature. Many of the influences deal with what it going on in the world, when the piece is written. When Beowulf was written, St. Augustine had just comeRead MoreThe Heroes Of The Epic Of Beowulf By William Shakespeare1292 Words   |  6 PagesEpics consists of benevolent or disastrous intervention from the supernatural world, and the superhuman capabilities that the heroes and antiheroes occupy. Tales like these represent the characteristics of what heroes are considered to be during the time they were written; however, they follow a specific formula, namely that the Gods intervene in the lives of the hero and, that the hero is burdened with a tragic flaw. In Virgil’s Aeneid, it is Aeneas’ dangerous disobedience to the ordinances of theRead MoreBeowulf: Christian vs Pagan Influence Term Paper1665 Words   |  7 PagesThe European epic, Beowulf, was written sometime in the eighth century in England. This time period provides us with an idea for the mixture of Christian and pagan elements because of an English society that was in the process of converting from Paganism to Christianity. Examples of Pagan and Christian traditions are presented all throughout literature. Many of the influences deal with what it going on in the world, when the piece is written. When Beowulf was written, St. Augustine had just comeRead MoreBeowulf : An Epic Hero894 Words   |  4 Pages The character of Beowulf demonstrates several characteristics that make a great epic hero. Throughout his lifetime he displayed several characteristics such as honor, bravery, physical superiority, leadership, and glory. These characteristics all formed how the Anglo-Saxons believed one should live their life. Along with the valorous deeds that Beowulf accomplished he is considered to be a prime example of an epic hero. Beowulf would have even been considered a model human to the Anglo-SaxonsRead MoreBeowulf : The Epic Hero960 Words   |  4 PagesPotter, and Beowulf all have in common? They all demonstrate the qualities of epic heroes. Beowulf represents several characteristics of an epic hero and demonstrates the values of the Anglo-Saxons. He is the main character of his story, he has a main goal, he travels and fights with a group of people, and he accomplishes many valorous deeds; the values of the Anglo-Saxons are also shown through the actions of Beowulf, such as courage, loyalty, and fame. For example, when Beowulf heard a cryRead MoreCharacteristics Of Beowulf936 Words   |  4 Pagesare reflected in stories such as epics. The Anglo-Saxons encompassed a people group consumed by fighting and war. Often t imes the epics and traditional stories passed down are centered around battles where the hero represents strong leadership characteristics. The story of Beowulf was commonly used as a story to teach upcoming leaders powerful ways to lead. Common traits are shown in the story illustration common themes for leadership. Throughout the epic of Beowulf, an element of Anglo-Saxon culture

Hercules Essay Research Paper What Is A free essay sample

Heracless Essay, Research Paper What Is A Myth? A myth is a strictly fictional narrative that has been passed on for coevalss, normally affecting supernatural individuals, actions or events. Hercules ( besides called Herakles ) , is one of the strongest and most famed fabulous heroes. These myths were made up 1000s of old ages ago and have acquired more inside informations as they have been passed down. The narrative of Hercules is one of a adult male who was so strong and brave, whose workss were so mighty, and who so endured all the adversities that were given to him, that when he died, Hercules was brought up to Mount Olympus to populate with the Gods. Hercules was both the most celebrated hero of ancient times and the most darling. More narratives were told about him than any other hero. He was worshipped in many temples all over Greece and Rome. Birth of a Hero The bequest of Hercules began when Zeus, the main God, fell in love with a mortal adult female named Alcmene. When Alcmene? s hubby, Amphitryon, was off, Zeus made her pregnant. This made the goddess Hera so angry that she tried to forestall the babe from being born. When Alcmene gave birth to the babe, she named him Herakles ( Romans pronounced it # 8220 ; Hercules # 8221 ; ) . The name Herakles means # 8220 ; glorious gift of Hera # 8221 ; . This made Hera even angrier. When Hercules was an baby, Hera sent two snakes to destruct him in his cradle. However, Hercules strangled them, one in each manus, before they could seize with teeth him. When Heracless grew up and had become a great warrior, he married a immature adult female named Megara. They had two kids together and lived really merrily. However, things didn? t bend out as they do in the film. One twenty-four hours, Hera sent a tantrum of lunacy to Hercules that put him into so great a fury, that he murdered his married woman and both kids. When Hercules regained his senses and realized what he had done, he asked the God Apollo to free him of his wickednesss. Apollo commanded that Hercules do certain undertakings as penalty for his wrongs, so that immorality might be cleansed from his spirit. Apollo was a God of prognostication and the Greeks believed that Apollo knew what would go on in the hereafter, and that he could rede people how to move. Hercules hurried to the temple where Apollo gave such advice. It was in the town of Delphi and was called the Delphic prophet. Apollo told Hercules that in order to sublimate himself for the spilling of his household? s blood, he had to execute 10 heroic labours ( this figure would shortly be increased to 12 ) . Even worse, Hercules had to execute these labours for his cousin, King Eurystheus. Eurystheus was the male monarch of Tiryns and had a repute for being average. Hercules knew the male monarch would give him a difficult clip. For 12 old ages Hercules would hold to execute these labours. Heracless did have some good intelligence from Apollo. He told Hercules that after these undertakings were completed, Hercules would go immortal. Unlike other work forces, he would go a God. The 12 Labors Of Heracless THE NEMEAN LION When Hercules arrived at the castle of King Eurystheus, his first undertaking was to convey the king the tegument of a king of beasts which terrorized the hills around Nemea. When Hercules arrived at Nemea, he tracked the king of beasts to a cave with 2 entrywaies. His pointers were useless against the animal. Hercules decided to barricade one of the room accesss and so near the ferocious king of beasts through the other. Grasping the king of beasts in his mighty weaponries, Hercules held it tightly until the king of beasts choked to decease. Hercules so returned to Mycenae, transporting the dead king of beasts in his weaponries. King Eurystheus was amazed that Hercules was able to carry through this undertaking. From this point on, the male monarch became afraid of Hercules and forbade him from come ining the metropolis. The male monarch besides began directing his bids through a trumpeter, declining to see the hero face to face. THE LERNEAN HYDRA The 2nd labour of Hercules was to kill the Lernean Hydra. The animal lived in the swampy Waterss near the metropolis of Lerna. Once in a piece, the snake would lift from the murky Waterss and terrorise the countryside. This snake had nine caputs, one of which was immortal, and attacked it? s victims with toxicant venom. When Hercules set off to run this nine headed snake, he brought his trusty nephew Iolaus with him. They finally reached Lerna and found the den of the Hydra. The clever Hercules foremost lured the animal from its lair with bally pointers. Once the snake emerged, Hercules attacked it. The Hydra, nevertheless, had other thoughts. It wound one of its spirals around Hercules? pes, doing it impossible for him to get away. To do affairs worse, each clip Hercules smashed one of the Hydra? s caputs with his nine, 2 more grew in its topographic point. Hercules found himself fighting and instantly called on Iolaus to assist him get the better of this monster. Hercules once more began socking the Hydra? s caputs, but this clip Iolaus held a torch to each caput to forestall the caput from turning back. After Hercules and Iolaus had destroyed eight of the snakes caputs, Hercules chopped off the 9th and buried it at the side of a route. Then, for good step, placed a heavy stone over the topographi c point he had buried it. When Hercules returned, King Eurystheus was non impressed. He said that since Iolaus had helped him carry through this undertaking, it should non number as one of the 10 labours. This didn? T seem to count much to anyone else, for ancient writers and historiographers still give Hercules recognition for this undertaking. THE HIND OF CERYNEIA DIANA? S PET DEER For the 3rd labour, Hercules was to convey Eurystheus the Hind of Ceryneia. A hind is merely a female ruddy cervid. Ceryneia is a town in Greece, approximately 50 stat mis from Eurystheus? castle in Mycenae. So what was so particular about this cervid? Well, this cervid had aureate horns and hoofs of bronze. Not merely that, the cervid was sacred to the goddess of hunting and the Moon, Diana. This meant that Hercules couldn? t hurt the cervid, for he didn? T want another goddess angry at him. Hercules set out after the cervid and hunted it for a whole twelvemonth. When the cervid had become weary from the pursuit, she stopped to rest on a mountain called Artemisius. Recognizing the cervid was about to acquire off, Hercules shooting at the cervid and caught her. He so put the cervid on his shoulders and made his manner back to Mycenae. On his manner, he was met by Diana and Apollo. Diana was upset that Hercules tried to kill her sacred animate be ing. Hercules told Diana the truth about how he had to obey the prophet and carry through these undertakings. Diana so let travel of her choler and healed the cervid? s lesions. Heracless so carried the cervid alive to Mycenae. THE ERYMANTHIAN BOAR For the 4th labour, Eurystheus ordered Hercules to convey him the Erymanthian Sus scrofa alive. A Sus scrofa is a immense, wild hog with a bad pique, and ivories turning out of its oral cavity. This Sus scrofa lived on a mountain called Erymanthus. Every twenty-four hours the Sus scrofa would come down from his cave and onslaught people and animate beings, meanwhile destructing everything in it? s way. On his manner to run the Sus scrofa, Hercules stopped to see his friend Pholus, who was a centaur. Pholus gave Hercules some vino and allow him rest. The other centaurs, nevertheless, were angry that Hercules was imbibing their vino. He drove off the centaurs who tried to assail him with his pointers. He chased after them for 20 stat mis. While he was gone, Pholus by chance dropped one of Hercules? toxicant pointers on his pes and died. Hercules buried his friend and continue to run the Sus scrofa. He found the Sus scrofa by listening for its puffing and stomping. Hercules shouted out aloud to the Sus scrofa, scaring it. It hid in a brush and so ran to a spot of snow. Finally, Hercules captured the wild Sus scrofa in a net, and carried it all the manner back to Mycenae. When he returned, Eurystheus was once more astonied and frightened by Hercules? powers. THE AUGEAN STABLES The 5th labour Eurystheus ordered Hercules to finish was to clean King Augea? s stallss. Hercules knew this occupation would intend acquiring soiled and smelly. Eurystheus made this undertaking even harder by telling Heracless to clean up after the cowss in a individual twenty-four hours! King Augeas owned more cowss than anyone in Greece. He was really rich and had many herds of cattles, bulls, caprine animals, sheep and Equus caballuss. Heracless went to King Augeas, and without stating anything about Eurystheus, said that he would clean out the stallss in one twenty-four hours, if Augeas would give him a ten percent of his all right cowss. King Augeas accepted this proposal, believing it was impossible. Hercules brought Augeas? s boy to watch. First, Hercules made 2 gaps, one in wall of the cattle-yard where the stallss were, and the other, in the wall on the opposite side of the pace. Following, he dug a big trench from the stable to a river that flowed nearby. The rivers rushed through the stallss, blushing them out, and all the muss flowed out the hole in the wall on the opposite side of the pace. When Hercules returned to inform King Eurystheus that he had completed the undertaking, the male monarch said that this labour didn? T count because he was paid for holding done the work. THE STYMPHALIAN BIRDS For his 6th labour, Eurystheus tried to believe up something hard for Hercules. He decided that Hercules would hold to drive away an tremendous flock of birds that gathered at a lake near the town of Stymph alos. Arriving at the lake, which was deep in the forests, Hercules had no thought how to drive such a immense flock of birds from a lake. The goddess Athena came to his assistance, supplying a brace of bronze krotala, noise-making boness similar to boness. They had been made by an immortal craftsman, Hephaistos, the God of forge. Heracless climbed a mountain nearby and clashed the krotala aloud, frightening the birds out of the tree. He so shot at them with his pointer as they flew off. There are many fables of the Stymphalian birds. Some say that they were barbarous cannibals whose beaks could pierce through any armour made of bronze or Fe. However, no one truly knows what sort of birds Hercules encountered, merely that there were a batch of them. THE CRETAN BULL This labour was decidedly the easiest for Hercules, capturing the Cretan bull. First for a small background on the bull. King Minos, of Crete, purportedly promised Poseidon that he would give anything the God sent him in order to turn out his claim to the throne. Poseidon sent him a bull, but Minos thought it was excessively beautiful to kill, so King Minos sacrificed another bull alternatively. This enraged Poseidon, so he made the bull violent disorder all over Crete. When Hercules arrived in Crete, he easy wrestled down the bull and drove it back to Mycenae. There, he presented the bull to King Eurystheus, who merely allow the bull spell. The bull so wandered all over Greece, terrorising people, and ended up in Marathon, a metropolis near Athens. The Cretan bull was subsequently killed by an Athenian hero named Theseus. THE MAN-EATING HORSES OF DIOMEDES After Hercules had captured the Cretan bull, Eurystheus sent him to acquire the man-eating female horses of Diomedes, the male monarch of a Thracian folk called the Bistones. Harmonizing to legend, Hercules sailed with a set of voluntaries across the Aegean to Bistonia. Once at that place, he and his comrades overpowered the grooms who were be givening the Equus caballuss, and drove them to the sea. By the clip they had gotten at that place, the Bistones had realized what had happened, and sent a set of soldiers to recapture the Equus caballuss. Hercules entrusted a immature adult male named Abderos to watch over the Equus caballuss while Hercules was contending. Unfortunately, the female horses got the better of immature Abderos and killed him. Meanwhile, Hercules fought the Bistones, killed Diomedes, and made the remainder flee. He returned to King Eurystheus with the female horses, and once more the male monarch let the animate beings go. The Equu s caballuss wandered around until they finally came upon Mt. Olympus, where they were eaten by wild animals. HIPPOLYTE? S BELT For his 9th labour, Hercules was to pealing Eurystheus the belt of Hippolyte. This was no ordinary belt and no ordinary warrior. Hippolyte was queen of the Amazons, a folk of adult females warriors. The Amazons lived apart from work forces, and if they of all time gave birth to kids, they merely kept the females and taught them to be warriors like themselves. Queen Hippolyte had one particular piece of armour. It was a leather belt that had been given to her by Ares, the war God. She wore this belt across her thorax and used it carry her blade and lance. Eurystheus wanted this belt for a present to give his girl. Hercules once more had company on this mission, for it would hold been impossible to confront the whole Amazon ground forces by himself. When they eventually reached the land of the Amazons they were greeted by Hippolyte herself. Hercules told her why he had come and why he needed her belt, and she had promised to give it to him. But the goddess Hera had other thoughts. Disguised as an Amazon warrior, she went up and down the ground forces stating to each adult female that the aliens who had arrived were traveling to transport off the queen. The warriors attacked, and a great conflict begun. Hercules killed Hippolyte and took her belt, but remained to contend the remainder of the Amazons. When they had eventually won the conflict, Hercules returned to Mycenae with the belt and gave it to Eurystheus. THE CATTLE OF GERYON To carry through his 10th labour, Hercules had to go to the terminal of the universe in order to convey Eurystheus the cowss of the monster Geryon. Geryon came from a history of monsters dating back to Medusa. He had 3 caputs and 3 sets of legs, all joined at the waist. Geryon lived on an island called Erythia, which was near the boundary of Europe and Libya. On this island, Geryon kept a herd of ruddy cowss guarded by Orthus, a two-headed hound. After a long and boring journey, Hercules reached the island of Erythia. Upon reaching, Hercules was attacked by Orthus, but killed him easy. As Hercules was get awaying with the cowss, Geryon attacked him. Heracless fought him and so killed him with his pointers. After stealing the cowss, Hercules ran into jobs in acquiring them place. He had fought with 2 of Poseidon? s boies and so had the herd spread all over Europe because of Hera. After reorganizing the full herd, he headed for King Eurystheus and gave him the herd , which he sacrificed to Hera. THE APPLES OF HESPERIDES It had been 8 old ages and 1 month since Hercules had begun executing these labours. Due to the 2 labours that didn? T count, Hercules had to make 2 more. His 11th labour was to convey Eurystheus the aureate apple which belonged to Zeus. These apples were kept in a secret garden at the northern border of the universe and were guarded by 2 monsters that Hercules would neer be able to get the better of. Even worse, Hercules didn? T know where the garden was. He journeyed through Libya, Egypt, Arabia and Asia. , holding many escapades along the manner. He seized the sea-god, Nereus, and forced him to state the location of the garden. Then he met Prometheus, who he saved from a atrocious destiny, and was told that in order to recover the apples, he would hold to direct Atlas after them. Atlas had to keep up the sky and agreed to bring the apples for Hercules if he would keep up the sky. So Atlas finally returned with the apples while Hercules had the weight of th e Earth literally on his shoulders. He so tricked Atlas into keeping up the sky once more, and escaped with the apples, go forthing Atlas unable to travel. Hercules carried them back to Eurystheus, but because they belonged to the Gods, he had to return them to Athena, who placed them back in the garden. CERBERUS His twelfth and concluding labour was the most unsafe ; he had to travel to the Underworld and nobble the animal called Cerberus. Cerberus was a barbarous animal that guarded the entryway and kept the life from come ining the universe of the dead. Harmonizing to legend, Cerberus was a mixture of animals: he had three caputs of wild Canis familiariss, a tail of a snake, and caputs of serpents all over his dorsum. On his manner to the Underworld, Hercules encountered monsters, heroes, and shades. He found Hades and asked for Cerberus. Hades replied that he could take Cerberus merely if he could overmaster the animal with nil but his beastly strength. So Hercules and Cerberus met. Hercules flung his weaponries around the animal and finally forced him into entry. He took Cerberus to Eurystheus, and so returned Cerberus safely back to Hades. Finally, Hercules was free from his labours and his spirit was cleansed. He could now travel on about his life after functioning King Eurystheus for 12 old ages. The Death Of Hercules Hercules got married a 2nd clip, to the beautiful Deianira. When Hercules had returned from one of his escapades, she gave him a welcome place nowadays. This was a cloak which she had woven herself. Deianira had a charming balm which a centaur had given to her. The centaur told her that whoever put on the balm would love her forever. However, the balm truly contained a acerb toxicant. She put the balm on Hercules? cloak, trusting he would love her forever. When Hercules put on the cloak, his organic structure instantly began to fire with utmost hurting. He tried to draw the cloak off, but the hurting kept increasing until he could no longer take it. In torment, he asked his friends to construct a immense heap of wood on the top of Mount Oeta. This would be his concluding resting topographic point. He laid himself upon the wood and asked his friends to illume it. He began to fire alive, but was now out of his wretchedness. Zeus said to Hera that Hercules had suffered plenty, and Hera agreed. Athena was sent to recover Hercules from the pyre and to convey him back to Mount Olympus on her chariot. There, Hercules was to pass his life, as a God. 1. Compton? s Synergistic Encyclopedia ( 1996 ) for Windows 95 2. Webster? s Concise Encyclopedia for Windows 3.1 or 95 3. www.perseus.tufts.edu Table Of Contentss 1. What Is A Myth? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2. Birth Of A Hero. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3. The 12 Labors Of Hercules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8 4. The Death Of Hercules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5. Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

The French and Indian War Impact on the American Revolution free essay sample

The French and Indian war impacted the British and the Colonies in terms of global connections, governance, civic ideals and practices, and economics; all of which are four factors of the Revolution Governance English officials assumed that the Parliament must have ultimate authority and power over all laws and taxes, but the Colonists need to reserve colonial authority for their own legislatures. Also the Americans were outraged that men thousands of miles across the sea, whom they have not voted for, are making decisions for and representing them.They were also misrepresenting them in, voting in favor for several laws over the course of (1765-1773). Economic Connection After the treaty of Xix-la-Chapel was signed and the war was won, Britains success didnt come free. For a massive victory, came a massive cost. Great Britain believed the American colonists should pay their own way. But the Americans begged to differ. We will write a custom essay sample on The French and Indian War Impact on the American Revolution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They believed that they put up such a fight that he British should pay. Colonists and The British Economic Connection pot. When the Americans refused to pay their portion that the British believed they should, the British basically said if you wont willingly pay then well just raise taxes and make you pay anyway. They did this by increasing taxes on sugar (The Sugar act of 1764), and increasing taxes on stamps (The Stamp act of 1765). Civic Ideals and Practices The Stamp act was later repealed in 1766, due to the Americans protesting in the streets, refused to buy stamps, and mobs took to violence to make stamp collectors resign.The Americans gained confidence from playing such a part in the French and Indian War, (AKA 7 years War), that they decided to defend themselves, and stand up to the mother country. Civic Ideals and Practices pot. 2 The British made it perfectly clear that they had no desire to compromise with the Colonists any longer and surely enough they were still plotting on ways to tax the colonies and the Declaratory Act of 1766 was going to aid them. But the Colonists kept protesting relentlessly for their civic rights and liberties.Then there was Boston Tea Party; basically the unofficial declaration f the Revolution. The Boston Tea Party (1773) Civic Ideals and Practices pot. 3 The American Revolution was highly influenced by the philosopher John Locke. He believed that the power of a King comes from the people, and if a ruler invalidates the agreement of the social contract the people then have the right to resist and subvert him from office or the throne. So when the British tried to impose unwanted taxes on the Colonists, they protested and decided they wanted independence.Civic Ideals and Practices pot. 4 Another Philosopher that influenced the Colonists in the American Revolution was Thomas Paine. After the French and Indian War, Paine was convinced that the political connection between America and Britain was unnatural and magnified our desire for freedom. He wrote books called Common Sense (1776), and The Crisis (1777), which both influenced the Revolution. The Crisis was motivational and gave troops the will to fight.The Battle of Bunker Hill 1 775 June 17, 1 775 The battle that our first president is famous for. George Washington was leading the Colonists during The Battle of Bunker Hill during the Siege of Boston. Global Connections Its only logical to have allies in war when youre facing such a massive force. The Americans and the French agreed that the enemy of thy enemy is an allele so France agreed to help the colonists take on the British. This balanced the naval power during the revolution.Not to mention inheriting the urban fighting style and gaining the apprehend against the British classical, and very predictable fighting style. Global Connections pot. 2 Although the French money, ammunitions, soldiers, and naval forces were proved to be a vital element in the Americans victory, they gained little from the Revolution. The only things they acquired from this were: revenge, and ewe trading allies; while the Americans gained massive land and independence from the Treaty of Paris in 1783.

Critique of Angelas Ashes essays

Critique of Angela's Ashes essays It is a frequent view that times for the Irish majority in the 1930s and 40s were very hard. Especially for the Irish Catholic families with the stereotypical drunken father, emotionally ruined mother, kids running around her with her a sore back from the next child to be born. In Angelas Ashes, Frank McCourt examines his childhood experiences, the tragedies, hardships, and learning involved with growing up. One of the most interesting aspects of the writing in Angelas Ashes is how the text is written, from McCourts interpretation of the situation at his age that he was at the time, the spelling and grammar also indicate that the child is writing, not the adult. This contributes greatly to the emotions and enjoyment evoked from reading the book. It also better describes how a child actually sees the things that are going on around them, and what they may be thinking. Personally, sometimes it has made me think for a while about how I interpreted things I saw when I was that age, and the fun I had being a kid. McCourt describes his brothers and sister, even the ones that died, and how much he enjoyed growing up with them, how they cared and loved for each other. Because of the appalling quarters they lived in and the lack of money and food there was terminal illnesses in the family, which proved fatal to some of his siblings. McCourt in his childlike writing style describes how his siblings and he, interpret whats happened and how they see their parents reacting. McCourt also analyzes how his young brother Malachy looks up to him, and how much he takes Malachy under his wing and takes care of him. Parenting is said to be one of the hardest tasks out there today, especially sole parenting. McCourt carefully examines his mother, how she copes with her drunken husband, how her cousins who married gentlemen are constantly trying to run her life, and how she acts as a woman. His father, The...

Making Small Talk for English Learners

Making Small Talk for English Learners The ability to make small talk is highly valued. In fact, many English students are more interested in making effective small talk than knowing correct grammar structures - and rightly so! Small talk gets friendships started and breaks the ice before important business meetings and other events. What Is Small Talk? Small talk is pleasant conversation about common interests. Why Is Small Talk Difficult for Some English Learners? First of all, making small talk is not difficult only for English learners, but also for many native speakers of English. However, small talk can be especially difficult for some learners because making small talk means talking about almost anything - and that means having a wide vocabulary that can cover most topics. Most English learners have excellent vocabulary in specific areas, but may have difficulties discussing topics they are unfamiliar with because of a lack of appropriate vocabulary. This lack of vocabulary leads to some students blocking. They slow down or stop speaking completely because of a lack of self-confidence. How to Improve Small Talk Skills Now that we understand the problem, the next step is to improve the situation. Here are some tips to improve small talk skills. Of course, making effective small talk means lots of practice, but keeping these tips in mind should improve overall conversational skills. Do Some Research​ Spend time on the internet, reading magazines, or watching TV specials about the type of people you are going to meet. For example, if you are taking a class with students from other countries, take time after the first few days of class to do some research. They will appreciate your effort and your conversations will be much more interesting. Stay Away From Religion or Strong Political Beliefs While you may believe in something very strongly, beginning conversations and making small talk about your own personal convictions may abruptly end the conversation. Keep it light, dont try to convince the other person that you have the correct information about a higher being, political system, or other belief system. Use the Internet to Gain Specific Vocabulary​ This is related to doing research about other people. If you have a business gathering  or are meeting people who share a common interest (a basketball team, a tour group interested in art, etc.), take advantage of the internet to learn specific vocabulary. Almost all businesses and interest groups have glossaries on the internet explaining the most important jargon related to their business or activity. Ask Yourself About Your Culture​ Take time to make a list of common interests that are discussed when making small talk in your own culture. You can do this in your own language, but check to make sure that you have the English vocabulary to make small talk about those subjects. Find Common Interests​ Once you have a subject that interests both of you, keep to it! You can do this in a number of ways: talking about travel, talking about the school or friend you have in common, talking about the differences between your culture and the new culture (just be careful to make comparisons and not judgments, e.g., The food in our country is better than the food here in England). Listen This is very important. Dont get so worried about being able to communicate that you dont listen. Listening carefully will help you understand and encourage those speaking to you. You might be nervous, but letting others state their opinions will improve the quality of the discussion - and give you time to think of an answer! Common Small Talk Subjects Here is a list of common small talk subjects. If you have difficulties speaking about any of these topics, try to improve your vocabulary by using the resources available to you (Internet, magazines, teachers at school, etc.) Sports - current matches or games, favorite teams, etc.HobbiesWeather - boring, but can get the ball rolling!Family - general questions, not questions about private mattersMedia - films, books, magazines, etc.Holidays - where, when, etc. but NOT how much!Home town - where do you come from, how is it different/similar to this townJob - once again, general questions not too specificLatest fashion and trendsCelebrities - any gossip you may have! Here is a list of topics that probably arent very good for small talk. Of course, if you are meeting a close friend these topics may be excellent. Just remember that small talk is generally discussion with people you dont know very well. Salary - how much do you make? - Thats none of your business!Politics - wait until you get to know the person betterIntimate relationships - only for you and your partner, or maybe your best friendReligion - tolerance is the key!Death - we need to face it, but not the first time we meet someone newFinancial - related to salary above, most people prefer to keep financial information to themselvesSales - Dont try to sell something to someone you have just met.

Application of Organizational Managerial Theories in Law Enforcement Term Paper

Application of Organizational Managerial Theories in Law Enforcement - Term Paper Example Managerial strategy, the component that manages and guides the organization toward its missions and visions, has been and remains a crucial element to police administration. For decades, the police administrator has been held accountable for the weaknesses of law enforcement agencies. Nevertheless, recently, it is simply stated that police administrators have turned out to be and continue to be highly qualified in comparison to their forerunners (Dantzker, 1999). However, in spite of the idea that police administrators nowadays may be more trained, experienced, and knowledgeable than those of the earlier periods, subordinate police managers and police executive nowadays perhaps perform a much more challenging task than earlier administrators. Due to the greater issues and challenges that confront present-day law enforcement, like a constantly changing workforce, an overstrained criminal justice system, and an overwhelming set of tasks, the police administrator’s job keeps on d emanding for more progress (Champion, 2002). This essay discusses how the three major organizational managerial theories, namely, classical or traditional, human relations, and systems have been applied in law enforcement managerial procedures and their impact on police administration. Classical Management Theory Classical theory, or also referred to as the ‘scientific management’ model, is the groundwork for American police administration, but this theory in law enforcement is quite difficult and unfavorable when it is rigidly applied. Above all, it tries to put into practice dominant, dictatorial standards to manage people who normally abide by egalitarian principles (Cordner & Scarborough, 2010). According to Gaines and Worrall (2011), more difficulties are produced as agencies have implemented policing principles, which involve empowering subordinates for them to gain more control over policing issues, criminal activities, and their tasks. The progress toward such managerial technique tends to burden and pressure classically managed agencies. Primarily, the traditional police administration and the classical organizational theory have been applied to police administration successfully. Even though the classical organizational model was conceptualized a century ago, it is stil l the main organizational design for law enforcement agencies and other governmental departments. Police administrators have relied on this model to lead them in managing their divisions and completing the police task (Allen & Sawhney, 1999). In spite of this, there has been considerable strain on law enforcement agencies to change the traditional police managerial framework. First, the general public has criticized police conduct and outcomes. Citizens trust law enforcers in terms of preventing criminal activities and resolving crime issues when they take place. At present, the public criticize police conducts like the maltreatment of civil rights and racial profiling (Allen & Sawhney, 1999). This has encouraged law enforcement agencies to build stronger and better rapport with community organizations and the general public, mostly by adopting community policing. According

Corporations and Environmental Pollution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Corporations and Environmental Pollution - Essay Example This paper approves that corporations have been fighting policies designed at the state level to protect the environment from their extensive pollution by claiming there is a need to protect competitiveness of the state in the global market. Apart from the usual joint interests between corporations and states in protecting the balance of trade especially at the international level, corporations have gone further to rally state officials into supporting what is claimed to be policies to promote industry competitiveness. This report makes a conclusion that corporations cannot be seen as environmental protectors due to their enjoyment in environmental politics that are only aimed at protecting dividends for shareholders. Their social responsibility has been found to be public relation undertakings that are aimed at presenting their businesses as taking care of ethical outcomes of operations. Due to consumer and regulatory scrutiny, corporations have put in place strategies that are aimed at pleasing these groups of stakeholders into their activities with environmental policies that barely meet legislative requirements. In cases where profit margin is thought to be under threat, corporations would choose to protect their interest at the expense of environmental protection by forming partnerships with lobby groups and civil society. These corporations would also fund studies that spell negative consequences of regulations on the balance of trade of states in order to arm-twist their respective governmen ts into siding with them on the pretext of protecting state competitiveness. Consequently, corporations are polluters and not protectors of the environment.

What were the main effects of the 1979-1997 Conservative governments Essay Example for Free

What were the main effects of the 1979-1997 Conservative governments Essay What were the main effects of the 1979-1997 Conservative governments reforms to collective labour law and what distinguishes the approach taken by the current Labour administration? In order to answer this question collective labour law must be explained and defined so the effects of each government can be focussed in the appropriate area. This essay will then move on to examine the situation prior to 1979 so as to assess the extent of the Conservative administrations impact of collective labour law at that time, a type of before and after measurement. Having done this, the emphasis will switch to examining Thatcherite and Conservative ideology hoping therefore to explain the mechanics of the legislation that the Tories then introduced. Its effects will then be assessed. After this point this essay will turn its attention to Labour Party ideology, in order to use it as a means of putting into context the legislation which the party has introduced, this will then be assessed in greater detail. The link between New Labours administration and the European influence will also be examined at this point in the essay, and how this has impacted on British collective labour law. A summary will then be given and all conclusions will be drawn together in order to answer the set question. Brown (1993) said, It is generally more useful to use the term [collective labour law] to cover a broader set of joint regulatory behaviour, whereby employers deliberately permit representatives of employee collectives to be involved in the management of the employment relationship. This generally means that employers choose to liase with union representatives to discuss the manner in which the company is run and debate issues affecting its employees. Collective labour law is the legislation outlined by the government that regulates this area of bargaining and discussion, including union regulation, recognition, membership, organisation and industrial action (of all kinds). The Labour Party, formed in 1893, has its roots firmly in the industrialisation era. It is traditionally working class in membership. Jon Monks (cited in Salamon pg104) said that Labour and the trade unions had shared values: primacy of collective bargaining, expansion of the welfare state and state intervention to promote economic growth and employment. The Labour Party was elected to power in 1974. Though as New Labour the party has now adopted The Third Way at that time, it still supported the Corporatist ideology, part of which meant supporting the trade unions and collective bargaining. During this time, trade unions accounted for ninety per-cent of party membership, [provided the party with] eighty per-cent of its annual income [and] sponsored fifty per-cent of its MPs (Salamon pg105). The Employment Protection Act of 1975 (and Employment Protection (Consolidation) Act of 1978 encouraged trade union membership and activities as well as legislated so that statutory time off had to be given in order to enable union officials to complete their union duties. The act also facilitated trade union recognition by employers (under section 11 of the EPA 1975) with the instigation of a set union recognition procedure involving ACAS (Advisory Conciliation and Arbitration Service), and obliged employers to consult and share information with unions regarding organisational changes and matters directly affecting employees. However in an effort to protect all employees, not just union members, the act also provided legal procedures for extending the terms and conditions of the employment contract where major unions were not recognised and could not bargain on behalf of the employees. The legislation from that particular Labour administration also promoted conciliation, arbitration and employees participation (in the bargaining process). The act also tried to regulate incomes with the setting up of 26 regional wages councils to standardise incomes and set recommended minimum wage levels. In 1980 trade union membership in the following unions was; Transport and General Workers Union, 1887000, the Amalgamated Engineering Union, 1166000 and the General Municipal Boilermakers Union stood at 916000. In 1979 total union membership stood at 13447000 with a union density of 55. 4% (Bain Pierce 1983). It can be seen from the above that the Labour administration of 1974-1979 was one of support for trade unions, collective bargaining and collective labour law. Membership of trade unions was, it can now be see, at an all time high. However, all this was to change once the Conservatives came to power under Margaret Thatcher in 1979. According to Farnham, (1999, p215) [the change in State policy] had considerable implications for public policy on employee relations, which shifted from one focused on voluntary collective bargaining in conditions of full employment and strong trade unions (with attempts at bargained corporatism through social contracts) to neo-laissez-faire. Thatcherite and Tory ideology was indeed one of laissez-faire, liberalist (neo-unitarist) foundations. It was a kind of economical Darwinism, survival of the fittest. Mrs Thatcher is famous for having apparently said that there is no such thing as society. For this reason it is not possible to legislate for the benefit of it, only for individuals. According to Salamon (2000: p292) the Conservative government aimed to redress the perceived power imbalance in favour of trade unions and allow management to re-exert its prerogative which was to promote responsible trade unionism, to protect individual members against union tyranny and to promote employment opportunities and labour flexibility through de-regulating employment. It can be seen from this statement that the Conservative government very much believed in the individuals right not to join a trade union, and to give back control (it having been removed by the unions ability to strike without notice) of industries to the organisations themselves. Blyton and Turnbull (1994 p155) describe Mrs Thatchers opinion as being that the nationalised industries which should have virtue on their side were hopelessly distorted and confined by state control and the absence of market competition. The unions, who were beneficiaries of these monopolies were accomplices to the most scandalous inefficiencies and had to be stripped of power. This philosophy could perhaps explain the reason why the Conservatives chose to introduce eight acts of legislation affecting the unions within thirteen years. These acts covered three main points. They restricted the scope of lawful industrial action thereby reducing trade union power. They established rights to disorganise (Lewis cited in Salamon p107) by establishing non-membership rights thereby undermining the maintenance of collective relations. The final point is that the legislation intervened in the internal affairs of trade unions by promoting a representational democratic model, thereby reducing the influence of activists in union decision making. The acts themselves are listed as follows: The Employment Act 1980; this reduced employment rights under unfair dismissal and reduced in instances in which dismissal could be classed as unfair. It also placed restrictions on closed shops (where all employees must be union members) in that an employee could work in a closed shop but not be a member on the grounds of strongly held political convictions. New closed shops now needed 80% of its work force to be in agreement or 85% of all those voting in order to make their place of work a closed shop. A right to be re-instated after maternity leave was introduced, the trade union recognition procedure was repealed, a code of conduct regarding picketing was established and secondary picketing (picketing away from the site of the dispute) was outlawed. Secondary and sympathetic (workers in differing industries striking in support of other workers) strikes had restrictions placed on them. The grounds for refusal to join a trade union were extended. The Employment Act 1982; this reinforced many points from the previous act including the restrictions on closed shops, and protection and compensation payments for non-members. Ballots on closed shops had to be taken in all existing arrangements across the UK, and union labour only commercial contracts became illegal. The act made it legal to selectively dismiss striking employees and redefined trade dispute in that political strikes became illegal. The act also removed trade union immunities from the civil courts (which affected strike action). The Trade Union Act 1984; this act concerned itself with the internal affairs of the trade unions. It stated that ballots had to be held every five years to elect officials to the unions National Executive Committees, secret ballots had to be held before industrial action took place (and not more that four weeks before the action was to take place). Ballots also had to be taken to establish who the union was to give its political funding and this had to be reaffirmed every ten years. The act also redefined political objects on which the unions political fund could be spent. The Wages Act 1986; after this act the wages councils (of which there were twenty six) were only allowed to specify a single minimum wage rate of pay and a single overtime rate which applied to every worker regardless of skill. Workers under twenty one were no longer covered by this wage protection. The Sex Discrimination Act 1986; this removed the exemption that the small firms (five or less employees) had from the Sex Discrimination Act of 1975. The Employment Act 1988; under this act a union must hold separate ballots for industrial action if those who are likely to take part in such action have different places of work. Ballot papers must ask whether the member is prepared to take strike action or action short of a strike. Members were given the right not to be unjustifiably disciplined by their union, and a new commissioner for the Rights of Trade Union Members was appointed. The Employment Act 1990; when this act was passed pre-entry closed shops became illegal, unions became vicariously liable if any of its officials called for strike action without following the proper procedures, employers were given greater freedom to dismiss any employee taking unofficial strike action, and further restrictions were placed on secondary action. Trade Union Reform and Employment Rights Act 1993; under this act employees were given the right to decide which union they joined. Postal ballots had to take place now before any strike could occur, and unions had to provide employers with at least seven days notice before any strike action could take place. The twenty-six wage councils were abolished and ACAS requirement to encourage collective bargaining was removed. At the end of the Conservative run of administration (finally finishing with John Major as Prime Minister in 1997) it is evident that the legislation very much followed the Conservative ideology of individualism, legislating for the individual and stripping collectives of their powers, as evidenced by the following figures. In 1990 the Transport and General Workers Union membership stood at 1224000, the Amalgamated Engineering Union at 702000 and the General Municipal Boilermakers Union membership stood at 865000. In 1978 the total number of working days lost that year was 9405000 but in 1995 that number was just 415000. From this can be seen the total effect that the Tories had on collective labour law and bargaining. Blyton and Turnbull (1998 p263) said, Throughout the 1980s the Thatcher government had made a virtue out of standing firm. The Conservatives had actively discouraged collective bargaining and hindered the trade unions as much as possible, so much so that union membership had dwindled to the figures in the previous paragraph. In 1997 trade union membership stood at 7154000 employees, a massive drop of 6293000 from that of 1979, and a union density of 30. 2%, again a big drop of 25. 2%. The effects of the Conservative era of power can clearly be seen here. When John Major and his party were defeated, the unions were virtually powerless, with their membership drastically reduced. Labour is traditionally the party of the trade unions as has previously been discussed. However, since the birth of New Labour things have changed considerably. In the 1980s Labour became concerned by their apparent unelectability so its leaders reformed and modernised the party image, which included loosening the link between themselves and the trade unions, even incorporating a Business Manifesto for their 1997 election campaign. At this time the party also adopted The Third Way. This replaced the previous Corporatist ideology behind the party. The Third Way is a middle ground between the traditional socialist views of the old left wing party and the right-wing views held by the Conservatives. The result of the image overhaul and change in strategy is that the trade unions became part of a coalition supporting Labour, but not the senior partners as of old (Salamon: 2000). Accordingly the New Labour Party focuses much more on the fact that labour flexibility has become an increasingly important issue for government strategies which are aimed at improving economic competitiveness and reducing unemployment (Salamon pg 282). Unconditional labour market de-regulation could have a detrimental effect on socially desirable employment policies such as social benefits, training, employee protection legislation and even the national minimum wage. Labours employment strategy [now] emphasises inclusion, social partnership and fairness at work (but without special favours towards trade unions) (Salamon pg 292) It has re-introduced the statutory union recognition procedure, introduced a national minimum wage and has signed up to the Social Chapter (European Union legislation). Metcalf (who is a member of the Low-Pay Commission) believes that the commission is an exemplar of social partnership which rehabilitated the unions and employees into a process that contrasts sharply with the there is no such thing as society' confrontational Thatcher era. (Salamon pg293) For this reason since New Labour came to power in 1997 the government has heavily legislated in many areas, and employment has not been excluded from this. One act in particular has directly impacted on Collect Labour Law, which is:- The Employment Relations Act 1999. This act effects trade union recognition and de-recognition (bringing back in the standard procedures), access to workers when industrial action is being considered and ballots are taking place. It also affects ballot procedure. The time between ballot result allowing action to take place has doubled from twenty-eight days to two months. Unfair dismissal is also affected as workers can no longer be dismissed for lawful industrial action. Finally, union membership rights were changed slightly in that the act states people can not be refused employment because of their trade union affiliations. Everyone has the right to belong to a trade union and the right not to be excluded from one. Along with this element of the act is a section dictating that compiling a blacklist of union members by employers is also illegal. This act strengthened the trade union and employee position, but it could also be argued that it is not a great overhaul of the law given the Labour Partys legislative history during previous administrations. Labour could be seen to be attempting to pacify the unions whilst trying not to alienate big business. The remaining major issue to be considered in this area of the essay is Europes influence on Collective Labour Law and the government in the United Kingdom. Once Labour formed the government in 1997 the Conservative decision to opt out of the Social dimension of the Maastricht Treaty of 1992 was reversed under the treaty of Amsterdam 1997 and in so signing, Labour consented to the treaty and all its terms. Maastricht (1992) could be considered as the Constitution of the European labour Market. It dealt principally with issues of fair remuneration, a national minimum wage, improvement in working conditions, unions rights and development of the employees rights to consultation and information. There were three immediate effects (in the form of European Directives handed down by the European Commission) when the UK joined the treaty. The European Works Council Directive, Parental Leave Directive and the directive covering the burden of proof in Sex Discrimination cases. The only directive to have any direct impact on collective labour law was the European Works Council Directive. This was aimed at large multinational firms and ensured proper communication between employee representatives (such as shop stewards) and management. The Working Time Directive is one further outcome of the agreement to the Social Chapter. The basic rights and protections that the Regulations provide are a limit of an average of 48 hours a week which a worker can be required to work (though workers can choose to work more if they want to), a limit of an average of 8 hours work in 24 which night workers can be required to work, a right for night workers to receive free health assessments. a right to 11 hours rest a day, a right to a day off each week, a right to an in-work rest break if the working day is longer than six hours and a right to four weeks paid leave per year. As can be seen from the above legislation Labour has not acted according to their ideological heritage, preferring instead to develop greater support for market competition, deregulation and privatisation. The party more strongly believes in the Stakeholder Economy, Welfare to Work, Social Partnership and Fairness at Work (Salamon pg21) principals and schemes. Most of the legislation is concerned with individual rights at work and not at all with collective labour law or collective bargaining. To a certain degree Labour now has little control regarding employment legislation as it is handed down to the government by Europe. However, it was New Labours choice to sign the treaty and harmonise the United Kingdom with the other member states and so must accept and implement all directives that are issued. The effects of the previously mentioned legislation can be seen in the following figures. In 1999 trade union membership in the following unions was; Transport and General Workers Union, 881625, the Amalgamated Engineering Union, 717874 and the General Municipal Boilermakers Union stood at 712010. Whilst the TGWU and GMBU show a decline in membership (and so in the powers of collective bargaining), the comparison is in fact to 1990 when the Conservatives still had another five years in power, membership has actually slightly increased since 1997 In 1999 trade union membership stood at a combined total of 7801315 employees, an increase from 1997 (when New Labour came to power) of 647315. The number of working days lost due to industrial action also dropped in 1999 to 266400 from 415000 in 1999, a drop of 148600 (all above figures from Salmon pg113). So as can be seen above the actions of both parties during their respective administrations have had a profound effect on collective labour law and collective bargaining, with the Tories having most impact. Labour is conspicuous in that it has done comparatively little to over turn the Tory instigated legislation. The actions of both parties can be explained by their ideologies, with Labours changing radically during the last decade. Their approaches have differed in that the Conservatives stripped the unions (which are the primary partners in bargaining and negotiation) of the majority of their rights and were not concerned with how ruthlessly it was done. The individuals rights were improved, but only as a means of weakening union power and increasing the strength of big businesses and employers in accordance with Conservative thinking and strategy. The Tories refused to sign up to the Social Chapter as they believed that employment legislation should come from within the country that is to be affected by it and in joining would lose total legislative control. In contrast to this Labour have signed up to the Social Chapter and tried to make the employment situation better for employees as individuals. This is because according to the third Way which creates a perceived political and cultural ideology within which management, unions and employees have to work (Salmon pg 21) it would benefit both employers and employees. It can be seen from this that both parties have similar outcomes from their legislation (in so much as figures for union membership and days lost in industrial action have only improved in comparatively mediocre terms and figures) though each party has taken a different approach for differing reasons. Bibliography Books Farnham, D. (1997) Employee Relations In Context London: CIPD Salamon, M. (2000) Industrial relations Theory and Practice: London, Prentice Hall (4th edition) Blyton, P. and Turnbull, P. (1998) The Dynamics of Employee Relations, Basingstoke: Macmillan (2nd edition) Cully et al. (1999) Britain At Work, London: Routledge Incomes Data Services Ltd (2000) Trade Unions Employment Law Handbook: London: IDS Websites http://www.cipd.co.uk http://www.dti.gov.uk http://www.libr.port.ac.uk http://www.labour.org.uk http://www.conservatives.com http://www.tuc.org.uk

Measurement - Mathematic Reform :: essays research papers fc

Part A: Content Goals for Measurement in Grades 3-5   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most students enter grade 3 with enthusiasm for, and interest in, learning mathematics. In fact, nearly three-quarters of U.S. fourth graders report liking mathematics (NCTM, 143). This can be a very critical time in keeping children interested in what they are learning. If the work turns too monotonous and uninteresting it can have a negative effect on their perceptions of the subject later in life. If students in grades three through five are given mathematic material that is interesting it can help keep their enthusiasm toward the subject. One of the major content areas that is covered at this time is measurement. Measurement is one of the ways that teachers can introduce students to the usefulness and practicality of mathematics. Measurement requires the comparison of an attribute (distance, surface, capacity, mass, time, temperature) between two objects or to a known standard. Measurement also introduces students to the important concepts of precision, approx imation, tolerance, error and dimension. Instructional programs from prekindergarten through grade twelve should enable students to understand measurable attributes of objects and the units, systems, and processes of measurement. Also, apply the appropriate techniques, tools, and formulas to determine measurements (NCTM, 171). This paper will describe how those ideas are developed in grades three through five.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first and most basic standard for measurement at this level is being able to understand measurement attributes that we use on a daily basis. Some of these attributes include length, area, weight, volume, and size of an angle. Knowledge of these variables is very important because they are ideas that will be used regularly throughout their lives. When students attain a better understanding of these measurement variables the next objective is to have them decipher the correct way to measure them. Choosing the appropriate unit to measure variables such as length, area, and weight can be just as important as knowing their meaning. For example, knowing that length is the distance between two points is irrelevant if a student tries to measure it with an angle or area. Knowing the proper way to measure a variable is very important. This idea also brings into perspective the standard of measurement that deals with understanding the need for standard units, or a basic way to describe an attribute. This requires students to become familiar with standard units in the customary and metric systems.

Pakistan Banks Ratios

What factors should Amerada management consider when evaluating the reposed strategy? . Calculate Marinade's debt-to-value ratio using both the book value and market value of the firm's equity. How does Marinade's debt-to-value ratio compare to that of other discount brokerage and investment service companies in Exhibit 4? In general terms, how does leverage affect the rockiness of a firm's equity? 3. Amerada has a short history of trading, so its beta cannot be computed precisely using its own historical data.Exhibit 4 provides some choices for comparable firms. Which of these firms do you think are appropriate to use as comparable to determine the beta of Marinade's planned advertising and technology investments? Why? 4. Using the stock price and return data in Exhibits 5 and 6, estimate the CAMP beta and Fame-French factor sensitivities for the stocks of comparable firms. 5. Estimate the weighted-average cost of capital for Marinade's proposed expansion. What risked rate do you us e?Are the cost-of-capital estimates similar using the CAMP and Fame-French three-factor models? Guidelines You may work on the case in groups of 3 or 4 students. Please hand-in one write-up per group. All members of the group should be prepared to discuss the case in class. State clearly any assumptions you make and provide enough information so that a reader can follow your analysis. I would expect the case write-up to be two to three pages plus supporting tables.

Reflective journal Essay

My third week of clinical placement at Trillium Hospital assigned on the same unit and same patient. Arrive early in the lobby of 4J Rehab meet with our Clinical Instructor and group mates. Started with pre-conference had briefing for the day activities assigned as schedule to be with our Clinical Instructor in giving 10:00 am medications. After the briefing, I went to the station where, met my new preceptor , exchange of greetings little bit of introduction about me and her. We started by taking the endorsement from the outgoing night shift nurse. Review the plan of care of our assigned patient. She asked to get the manual Blood Pressure Apparatus and handed me her pager. I was thinking why the pager. She notice me in confusion of the pager, she just smiled and said â€Å" I want you to feel your the real nurse and I am just your assistant†, don’t worry I am at your side† just answered â€Å"ok†. We went to each patient room, greeted patient, took the vital signs, recorded it my notebook, does the head to toe assessment . After all of these activities we went back to the nurse’s station where I do the documentation with regards to patients vital signs. At around 9:00 in the morning we do the morning care for each patient, I had the chance to assist her male stroke patient change his catheter. We finished around 9:30 and had our break. After the break 10:00 Am time to give the medication for my assigned patient together with my preceptor as per schedule. My assigned patient is male 51 years old Spanish who has an Ileostomy case. The medication that I was going to give are pain medications and for his hypertension. My clinical instructor asked me also about the medication routes, and the classification of the drugs. So thankful to her my Clinical Instructor she is so kind and willing to give us all the information we need to learn. I also documented in the MAR sheet, signed the drugs that I gave. I also had the chance of changing the dressing of my assigned patient, Ileostomy case. Prepared the materials needed for the procedure. Feeling nervous at the beginning, my first time to do this kind of dressing, packing ribbon on an stoma. With my preceptor around who is so cooperative and teaching me the proper way to do it I feel confident and grateful to her too. Me and my group mates had also the chance to watch doing the bladder scanner knowing the amount of urine in the bladder. One of my group mates did the in and out catetherization, but unfortunately it did work out, something is blocking maybe pus. I also helped the transferring of patient from bed to wheel chair using the manual Hoyer Lift. Get tired that day but happy I learned a lot of challenges, having this positive attitude, experiences during my clinical duty I know I can handle and deal with the situations that I will be encoutering.

Free Essays on Alber Bierstadt

Withrow 1 Albert Bierstadt was an American painter of German birth. His career spanned the entire second half of the 19th century, and emerged as the first technically sophisticated artist to travel to the Far West of America (Turner, 43). On this trip, he recorded his experiences through sketches and stereoscopic photographs of Indians, emigrants and members of the survey party. It was his many sketches and photographs made throughout his several trips to the West that Bierstadt used to create his paintings. Unlike many artists who are discovered after their death, Bierstadt achieved his dream of fame while in the prime of his painting. His paintings were purchased by the wealthy and titled, thus enabling him to live very comfortably. Valley of the Yosemite by Albert Bierstadt is a beautiful landscape painting in which light, color, an utmost attention to detail, and strong lines all come together to compliment the composition. Bierstadt captures the Yosemite Valley much in the same naturalistic style as photographer Ansel Adams, the major difference being Bierstadt’s use of color versus using high contrast black and white values. Light is the most important aspect in this landscape. The sunlight slowly creeps up from behind the cliffs, and gracefully dances along the countryside illuminating the early morning scene. This sunlight is made of warm colors, and creates the feeling of a warm summer’s morning, burning through the early morning haze, to clear the air as the local wildlife is just waking up. The light continues to lightly touch the clouds, exposing their contours, and pushing them out of the area to make way for the new day. Bierstadt’s attention to detail is very impressive. The contours of the clouds, the jagged rock face, the glistening of the water, the leaves on the trees all done with very small brushstrokes. A great sense of depth is established through contrast, overlapping and atmospheric ... Free Essays on Alber Bierstadt Free Essays on Alber Bierstadt Withrow 1 Albert Bierstadt was an American painter of German birth. His career spanned the entire second half of the 19th century, and emerged as the first technically sophisticated artist to travel to the Far West of America (Turner, 43). On this trip, he recorded his experiences through sketches and stereoscopic photographs of Indians, emigrants and members of the survey party. It was his many sketches and photographs made throughout his several trips to the West that Bierstadt used to create his paintings. Unlike many artists who are discovered after their death, Bierstadt achieved his dream of fame while in the prime of his painting. His paintings were purchased by the wealthy and titled, thus enabling him to live very comfortably. Valley of the Yosemite by Albert Bierstadt is a beautiful landscape painting in which light, color, an utmost attention to detail, and strong lines all come together to compliment the composition. Bierstadt captures the Yosemite Valley much in the same naturalistic style as photographer Ansel Adams, the major difference being Bierstadt’s use of color versus using high contrast black and white values. Light is the most important aspect in this landscape. The sunlight slowly creeps up from behind the cliffs, and gracefully dances along the countryside illuminating the early morning scene. This sunlight is made of warm colors, and creates the feeling of a warm summer’s morning, burning through the early morning haze, to clear the air as the local wildlife is just waking up. The light continues to lightly touch the clouds, exposing their contours, and pushing them out of the area to make way for the new day. Bierstadt’s attention to detail is very impressive. The contours of the clouds, the jagged rock face, the glistening of the water, the leaves on the trees all done with very small brushstrokes. A great sense of depth is established through contrast, overlapping and atmospheric ...

Write for Any Magazine

Write for Any Magazine Write-what-you-know has its purpose. Why bother gaining experience or studying anything new if you cant use it? Why become an expert? As a freelancer, if you limit your writing to only what you know, you become stale after a period of time. I profess that you can write about for almost any magazine. Here are three tricks to picking up a magazine and determining a pitch for the editor: 1) Interview an expert in a magazines field. You may not know squat about the subject matter of a magazine, but if you interview someone who does, you have the makings of a great profile piece. Sure, you need to read up on the individual so you dont sound completely naive, but youll learn soon enough that most experts thrive on explaining what they do. Ask a few pertinent, intelligent questions, and theyll take off like a rocket, feeding you all the information you need for a beautiful piece for magazines you never thought youd ever qualify to write for. 2) Study press releases. That means study ALL press releases. Go to prweb.com/ or prnewswire.com/ and read whats new. Not only will you find experts quoted who you can contact for item 1) above, but you can learn about new findings, studies, revelations, inventions, and happenings that make for great features. Whats fantastic about these releases is that they list names and contact information for the people who know the most about the topic matter. Right there in oneplace, you have the facts you need to outline a great feature. 3) Pitch something evergreen. A subject like How to make the most of a conference can apply to magazines for fishermen, golfers, doctors, teachers, writers, accountants, landscapers, or anyone who attends a professional conference. How to hire a great employee from a mediocre pool of applicants. How to make your website sticky and appealing.   How New Years resolutions really do work. Travel deals you never see in the ads. The list goes on and on about how to take a very general, how-to-live-better piece and apply it to most topics. So, take those three simple concepts, and unless the magazines require you have an advanced degree in the subject matter, you have an open door to endless material for all those magazines you see in Writers Market . . . and FundsforWriters.

Justifying the Patriots Act Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Justifying the Patriots Act - Research Paper Example Before delving on the validity and appropriateness of the Patriot Act, it is a must to take a stock of the typical American mindset and way of thinking. The opposition garnered by the Patriot Act could only be well understood when it is placed aside the essential American ethos and the values and norms that are dear to Americans. America is a nation that is devoted to the values of liberty and strongly shuns any law or arrangement that takes something out of the rights and privileges extended to the masses by the constitution of the United States of America. Though the detractors of Patriot Act abhor it as an intrusion into the privacy of the common Americans, a more balanced and sane approach towards this legislation establishes beyond doubt that it is a law that is pivotal to the security and safety of the United States of America (Browne 1). Before trying to wrest any strong opinion regarding the appropriateness and validity of the Patriot Act it is important to understand the tim es in which this legislation was conceived and the things it intended to do. The USA PATRIOT Act was act of the US Congress that was signed into law on October 26, 2001. It goes without saying that the Patriot Act was a response to the mayhem caused by the 9/11 terrorist acts and intended to safeguard the life and property of the American masses. As the full form of the Patriot Act that is Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act suggests, the purpose of the Patriot Act was to strengthen the arms of the America law and order agencies and the intelligence community by endowing to them a range of powers and possibilities. It is really worthwhile to delve on the provisions brought into existence by this act. The Patriot Act intended to safeguard civil liberties. It allowed the Secret Service to establish a nationwide electronic surveillance system and provided for the confiscation of the property of foreign persons engaging i n terrorist acts (Department of Justice 1). It widened the potential of the intelligence services to conduct surveillance on the terrorist elements, without being subservient to the consent of the courts (Department of Justice 1). This act intended to curtail the financial power of the terrorist groups and stressed a stronger border security (Department of Justice 1). The National Security Letters (NSL) provision of this act allowed access to the paper work related to the suspicious citizens, to the intelligence agencies (Department of Justice 1). It facilitated an enhanced sharing of information and inputs between the intelligence agencies and had provisions for extending compensation to the victims of terrorism (Department of Justice 1). The Patriot Act also brought in a range of crimes within the ambit of what is broadly defined as acts of terrorism (Department of Justice 1). The overall purpose of the Patriot Act was to bring about the sweeping changes that not only armed the la w and order institutions and intelligence agencies with the teeth they needed to wage a pragmatic war on the terrorist gro

TopDog Software Case Analysis Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

TopDog Software Case Analysis - Article Example The head of sales Samantha Jenkins ha learnt of new outfit known as FastData, which is located in Norway that proves to be a great competitor in the market. In addition, FastData has launched it globalization and releases news brief to the media on its aspiration of expanding to the international hence globalization. Thus, TopDog should go international as well since stiff competition is evident amidst companies offering products similar to theirs. Top Dog would be in a better position to compete if they have a global presence with a strategy of establishing a remarkable competitive approach in the global market not only in the United States as is the situation at the moment. 2- If TopDog does decide to go international should it open its own offices, take on foreign partners, license its products to foreign distributors, or follow some other method? Answer: If TopDog does decide to go international, licensing its products to foreign distributors would be the most appropriate option, which would give the company an opportunity to build brand identity and a large clientele at a friendly cost hence the company’s finances would be strained. W.L. Gore & Associates Integrative Case Study 3-How will Gore’s culture affect the virtual global teams? Gore’s business culture will positively affect the global teams as they strive to maintain a family like coordination. In addition, the global team will have a cohesive working framework in decision making according to Gore’s culture. This will make Gore distinguishable globally with a family-like business culture.

Inquiring Minds Want to Know--Now Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Inquiring Minds Want to Know--Now - Case Study Example The Penton Media seeks to answer the question that is brainstorming within the business magazines in the industry Week, Restaurant Hospitality and Machine Design in respect to the decline of the use of publication reader service cards. The dilemma to unravel here is the fact that the industries want to assess the long-term viability of an advertiser and a reader service, that is, the reader service card, which is a post-card size device that the readers use while requesting for further information from a specific advertiser. There is decreased tracking of the sources of the lead onto the use of the post-card device in the period 1998. The other critical aspect of this dilemma is the changing state of technology globally. This renders some trends in business field to be obsolete. This is evident through the Penton research results showing that there was no use of website access information by the various organizations within their ads in the 1992. Conversely, today the â€Å"contact us† icon entails e-mail addresses and other contact means that hasten the communication link between the organization and the general public. The step on the management questions requires that the management fully capitalize on the opportunity that arises. This best outlines the strategic positioning of the organization to tap and grasp the accessible opportunity within the market or the industry. The question that Penton’s research wants to resolve is how best the organization disseminates timely and adequate information to the customers. The essence of this is that there is a new paradigm shift in the industrial purchasing and thus changing approaches that would best fit the divergent consumer environment is most sufficient. This step finds the most reasonable actions that are at disposal towards tapping the advantageous edge of the opportunity presented. The respondents of the

Strengths in basketball Essay Example for Free

Strengths in basketball Essay In my Analysis Peace I am going to be analysing Alex combs at basketball. I chose Alex because he is a talented basketball player and I have seen him improve in basketball in various ways since yr7 and I feel I can help him improve even more. Alex has adapted himself into becoming a centre and thats the position I have chosen to help him improve on. I believe with a little bit of direction Alex can make it a far way in basketball. To make it at a professional level in basketball and to be able to become a centre you need to have certain qualities and aspects. You need to have self belief because basketball is a game of trail and error. A great centre is always willing to try over and over again. Above all a great centre needs to be enthusiastic and determined a successful centre generally wants the ball and will do anything to get it. Also a great centre has the ability to change the flow of the game. He also has the ability to change his team mates attitude. A centre needs to be aware of the rules especially the 3 second rule. In the game basketball the centre controls the game he is the heart of the team offensively and defensively the more rebounds he makes the more points your team will score lastly You need to be tough dont worry about contact with other players dont be afraid to use your strength and speed to keep other players from getting the ball. Including those following aspects there are other attributes that affect your performance in basketball such as: Strength: Strength is needed so you are able to compete for rebounds when shots are missed. Having that extra strength gives you the advantage against other players and enables to position yourself. This is done by boxing out (sometimes referred to as blocking out). Boxing out is where you position your self between the basket and another player and push them away by backing into them therefore you have to be close to the basket at all times. Strength is needed so that you can protect the ball after a missed shot. Its important to rebound so that the other team does not get another chance of scoring and offensively you create another opportunity for your team to score. Speed: Speed is need so that you get to the ball before anyone else after a missed shot allowing you to get the rebound. This also means your reaction and movement time needs to be quick. Speed is need so that youre able to intercept dangerous passes also you need speed endurance allowing you to run back and defend. Speed is also need when attacking your opposition mainly fast breaks. Reaction Time: Needs to be fairly quick so youre able to intercept passes you need quick reactions allowing you to get between the passer and receiver. Agility: The ability to change your direction and body position is highly important in basketball. Its useful to help you to get past defenders. Agility is also important allowing you to change direction very quickly enabling you to attack the basket at speed. Its also important to be agile whilst defending it helps you stay with you defender. Basketball is a fast pace game that requires a lot of movement effort and work. Balance: Balance is need so that youre able to stay on your feet which mean you are unlikely to get injured. Its also important because it allows you to perform a successful jump shot or a lay up. Balance is important because if youre being shoved you dont wobble or fall over easily. Stamina: Stamina is important enabling you to run back to defend your basket and to run up and down the court to get hold of rebounds. Stamina gives you the ability to finish a full intense basketball game. Skill: Being ambidextrous having the ability to perform skills with both your left and right hand this a good advantage in basketball because it gives you confidence in your play and gives you various ways of attacking confusing your opponent. Left hand lay up Right hand lay up Section 2 Alexs Strengths Watching Alex Perform In school matches and watching him in practise gave me the chance to analyse him carefully. I have recognized some of his strengths in basketball.

Essay on Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide - Can You Define Murder? :: Free Euthanasia Essay

Can You Define Murder? "And Cain talked with Abel his brother: and it came to pass, when they were in the field, that Cain rose up against Abel his brother, and slew him." (Genesis 4:8) Back in those days, murder was pretty clear cut. If you killed someone, it was called murder. Of course, if you had a reason, then it was justifiable. Back then, it was an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. Or a life for a life. But in these fast paced and politically correct times, is there justifiable murder? Webster's Dictionary says that murder is "the unlawful killing of another human being, especially with premeditated malice." Unlawful killing of another human being. And most people would tend to agree, that there are circumstances in which killing someone else is just fine, and even desirable. But what are those circumstances? What exactly is justifiable killing? Is abortion OK? How about war? Euthanasia? These are topics that are in hot controversy these days, as civil rights groups battle political standings that have been around for dozens of years. Capital punishment is among those instances of justified killing that has been debated for years, and continues to be an extremely indecisive and complicated issue. Adversaries of capital punishment point to the Marshalls and the Millgards, while proponents point to the Dahmers and Gacys. Society must be kept safe from the monstrous barbaric acts of these individuals and other killers by taking their ability to function and perform in our society away from them. At the same time, we must insure that innocent people such as Marshall and Millgard are never convicted or sentenced to death for a crime that they did not commit. In February 1963, Gary McCorkell, a 19 year old sex offender, was scheduled to hang. But just days before his execution, the then Liberal cabinet of Lester Person commuted McCorkell to life in prison. His actual term was only a percentage of that. Less than 20 years later, McCorkell was arrested, tried, and convicted for the kidnapping and rape of a 10-year old Tennessee boy. He was sentenced to 63 years in prison. Once again, his term was reduced, and he moved

Alternative education Essay

Intoduction Education in its general sense is a form of learning in which the knowledge, skills, and habits of a group of people are transferred from one generation to the next through teaching, training, or research. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of others, but may also be autodidactic Any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may be considered educational. A right to education has been created and recognized by some jurisdictions: Since 1952, Article 2 of the first Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights obliges all signatory parties to guarantee the right to education. It does not however guarantee any particular level of education of any particular quality. There are three forms of learning defined by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD): formal education, education and non-formal education. Systems of schooling involve institutionalized teaching and learning in relation to a curriculum, which itself is established according to a predetermined purpose of the schools in the system. Schools systems are sometimes also based on religions, giving them different curricula. In formal education, a curriculum is the set of courses and their content offered at a school or university. As an idea, curriculum stems from the Latinword for race course, referring to the course of deeds and experiences through which children grow to become mature adults. A curriculum is prescriptive, and is based on a more general syllabus which merely specifies what topics must be understood and to what level to achieve a particular grade or standard. An academic discipline is a branch of knowledge which is formally taught, either at the university–or via some other such method. Each discipline usually has several sub-disciplines or branches, and distinguishing lines are often both arbitrary and ambiguous. Examples of broad areas of academic disciplines include the natural sciences, mathematics, computer science, social sciences, humanities and applied sciences. Educational institutions may incorporate fine arts as part of K-12 grade curricula or within majors at colleges and universities as electives. The various types of fine arts are music, dance, and theater. Enrolment is the total number of students properly registered and/or attending classes at a school. Every year or every school year the different schools were increasing the total number of students who were officially enrolled in their school. We need to be enrolled so that we will be indicated in the master list of enrollees and for us also to be officially enrolled in such institution. ADVANTAGE * Convenience is one of the major advantages of online schools. It allows students to work and learn at their own pace without the unyielding time restrictions of traditional schools. Online schools provide access to learning materials at anytime. This allows students the flexibility to schedule their learning around families, jobs and other activities. Another major advantage of learning from an online school is the accessibility it provides. Students can learn from anywhere in the world. This is an especially important benefit for students who wish to study in a different country. It also allows students to travel without the repercussions of being absent from school * Provide HR personnel and employees access to benefits information around-the-clock * Reduce administrative tasks and eliminate paper-based processes * Grant employees instant access to benefits elections through online confirmation statements * Review data and statistics about employee enrollment activity through reporting capabilities DISADVANTAGE: There are some disadvantages that are associated with the online ordering system. One is that of you do not have access to the Internet you cannot order. The other one is that you may be ripped off. * Being a successful student at an online school requires self-discipline. This is a disadvantage for students who have difficulty with time management and procrastination. While being able to set your own schedule can be an advantage, it can also be a disadvantage. Some students need the structure of traditional schools. Another disadvantage of online schools is the technology involved. It just isn’t available to everyone. The world is rapidly becoming more and more connected by modern technology, but some people still do not have ready access to a computer and Internet connection. And many of those who do have  the required equipment are too intimidated by it to take advantage of online schools. Learning through online schools restricts interaction between teacher and student. This is a disadvantage for those students who need the immediate feedback that such interaction provides. REFERENCES: http://www.ask.com/web?qsrc=1&o=102140&l=dir&q=disadvantage+of+online+enrolment+system http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrollment http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education http://www.ask.com/web?qsrc=1&o=102140&l=dir&q=advantage+of+online+enrolment+system